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Face à ces violences, nous ne pouvons contenter d’une protection tiède, qui reste entre deux eaux. Face à ces violences, tout doit être mis en œuvre. Notre droit doit s’aligner sur les plus hauts standards de protection et s’inspirer des législati ons étrangères les plus exemplaires en ce domaine. Or, si la législation protégeant les victimes de violences sexuelles a connu ces dernières années quelques évolutions positives, notre droit demeure l’objet de l’appréciation « peut mieux faire ». La question du droit de la preuve est au cœur de cette initiative. En l’état actuel de notre droit, pour les mineurs de moins de 15 ans, le parquet doit établir que la victime ne disposait pas du « discernement nécessaire pour ces actes ». Alors et alors seulement, « la contrainte morale ou la surprise » seront caractérisés. Cette législation est loin d’être à la hauteur des exigences qui sont les nôtres. D’abord parce qu’un enfant de moins de 15 ans qui a subi des violences sexuelles ne devrait pas avoir à prouver son absence de discernement. Ensuite parce que cette notion de discernement est éminemment subjective et peut conduire à des appréciations différentes selon les experts ou selon les juges. Pour prendre la mesure de l’insuffisance de notre législation, il suffit de rappeler deux affaires jugées en 2017 : le 26 septembre à Pontoise, le parquet prend la décision de pour","articles":[{"num":"1er","extrait":"L’article 227-25 du code pénal est ainsi rédigé : « Art. 227-25. – Le fait, pour un majeur de commettre sur un mineur de 15 ans par quelque moyen que ce soit, une atteinte sexuelle de quelque nature que ce soit, est puni de dix ans d’emprisonnement et de 150 000 euros d’amende. »"},{"num":"2","extrait":"Après l’article 227-25 du code pénal, il est inséré un article 227-25-1 ainsi rédigé : « Art. 227-25-1. – Le fait, pour un majeur de commettre, sur un mineur de 15 ans ou d’obtenir de ce dernier, par quelque moyen que ce soit, une pénétration sexuelle, de quelque nature que ce soit, est puni de vingt ans de réclusion criminelle. »"},{"num":"3","extrait":"Après l’article 227-25-1 du code pénal, il est inséré un article 227-25-2 ainsi rédigé : « Art. 227-25-2. – Le fait de commettre pour un majeur sur un mineur de moins de 18 ans ou d’obtenir de ce dernier, par quelque moyen que ce soit, une pénétration sexuelle, de quelque nature que ce soit, est puni de 20 ans de réclusion criminelle lorsque l’auteur est : « 1° un ascendant ; « 2° un frère, une sœur, un oncle, une tante, un neveu, une nièce ; « 3° le conjoint, le concubin, d’une des personnes citées aux 1° et au 2°, ou le partenaire lié par un pacte civil de solidarité avec l’une des personnes mentionnées aux 1° et au 2°, s’il a sur la victime une autorité de droit ou de fait. »"},{"num":"4","extrait":"Après l’article 227-25-2 du code pénal, il est inséré un article 227-25-3 ainsi rédigé : « Art. 227-25-3. – Le fait de commettre pour un majeur, sur un mineur de moins de 18 ans, par quelque moyen que ce soit, une atteinte sexuelle de quelque nature que ce soit est puni de dix ans d’emprisonnement et de 150 000 euros d’amende lorsque l’auteur est une des personnes mentionnées aux 1°, 2° et 3° de l’article 227-25-2. »"}],"pdfUrl":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/textes/l15b3721_proposition-loi.pdf","pdfPages":null},"dispositionsVersion":6},"stade":{"cle":"depose","etiquette":"Déposé, non adopté à ce jour","phrase":"Ce texte a été déposé le 5 janvier 2021. 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Gauche","couleur":null},"PA340357":{"id":"PO730946","code":"NG","libelle":"Nouvelle Gauche","couleur":null}},"mainAuthor":{"id":"PA774960","label":"Isabelle Santiago","qualite":"auteur"},"enjeu":{"resume":"Le 18 février 2021, l'Assemblée adopte en première lecture la proposition de loi renforçant la protection des mineurs victimes de violences sexuelles, par 125 voix, aucune contre et 2 abstentions. Tous les groupes qui expriment une voix votent pour.\n\nLe texte réécrit et complète quatre articles du code pénal, et sa portée tient à ce qu'ils ne mentionnent aucune condition tenant à la contrainte, à la menace, à la violence ou à la surprise.\n\nSur un mineur de quinze ans : une atteinte sexuelle commise par un majeur, par quelque moyen que ce soit, est punie de dix ans d'emprisonnement et de 150 000 euros d'amende ; une pénétration sexuelle commise par un majeur ou obtenue de ce mineur est punie de vingt ans de réclusion criminelle.\n\nSur un mineur de dix-huit ans, le texte crée une infraction propre au cercle familial. Lorsque l'auteur est un ascendant, un frère, une soeur, un oncle, une tante, un neveu ou une nièce, ou le conjoint, concubin ou partenaire de l'une de ces personnes ayant sur la victime une autorité de droit ou de fait, la pénétration sexuelle est punie de vingt ans de réclusion criminelle, et l'atteinte sexuelle de dix ans d'emprisonnement et de 150 000 euros d'amende.","dynamique":"Adopté le 18 février 2021 : 125 voix pour, aucune contre, 2 abstentions. Neuf groupes ont voté pour.","arguments":{"pour":[{"qui":"Karine Lebon (Gauche démocrate et républicaine)","texte":"Propose de dédier les travaux et le texte aux victimes et « à toutes celles et ceux qui n’ont eu de cesse, des années durant, d’œuvrer à la protection de l’enfance ». Un mineur de 15 ans, affirme-t-elle, « doit être considéré comme non consentant dans une relation sexuelle avec une personne adulte » ; elle ajoute : « Ce n’est pas aux mineurs de démontrer leur absence de consentement. »","source":"Compte rendu de la 2e séance du 18 février 2021 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L15S2021O1N177#2422296"},{"qui":"Aurélien Pradié (Les Républicains)","texte":"Situe le vote dans une histoire longue : « Le combat pour la protection des mineurs vient de loin, mais s’il résonne aujourd’hui puissamment dans notre société, c’est après l’avoir traversée longuement et presque impunément. » Il dénonce « la complaisance de tout un petit monde qui, des années durant, a soutenu, protégé et défendu les immondes auteurs de violences sexuelles envers les enfants ».","source":"Compte rendu de la 2e séance du 18 février 2021 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L15S2021O1N177#2422334"},{"qui":"Isabelle Florennes (Les Démocrates)","texte":"Constate que la parole des victimes se fait entendre : « Nous voyons la parole se libérer dans les livres, sur les réseaux sociaux, dans les familles. » Aider à réparer est, dit-elle, « notre devoir de législateur » ; elle rappelle avoir, lors de l’examen de la loi Schiappa, « insisté sur la nécessité de prévoir un âge de non-consentement pour les mineurs de moins de 15 ans ».","source":"Compte rendu de la 2e séance du 18 février 2021 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L15S2021O1N177#2422458"},{"qui":"Groupes La République en marche, Les Républicains, Mouvement démocrate, Socialistes et apparentés, Agir ensemble, UDI et Indépendants, Libertés et territoires, La France insoumise et Gauche démocrate et républicaine","texte":"Ont voté pour. Tous les groupes qui expriment une voix soutiennent le texte, et le scrutin ne comporte aucune voix contre.","source":"Analyse du scrutin n° 3440, Assemblée nationale, 18 février 2021","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/scrutins/3440"}],"contre":[],"reserves":[{"qui":"Alexandra Louis (La République en marche)","texte":"Appelle à concilier « nos exigences constitutionnelles avec la nécessaire protection des mineurs » : sur ce point, dit-elle, « nous sommes sur une ligne de crête : nous en éloigner ferait courir aux victimes un risque trop élevé », une censure du Conseil constitutionnel pouvant « avoir un impact sur de nombreuses procédures en cours ». Elle s’abstient à titre personnel, alors que son groupe vote pour, sans expliquer ce choix au cours du débat.","source":"Compte rendu de la 2e séance du 18 février 2021 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L15S2021O1N177#2422321"}]},"sources":[{"label":"Analyse du scrutin n° 3440, Assemblée nationale, 18 février 2021","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/scrutins/3440"}],"v":2,"source":"cure-verifie"},"explain":{"scrutinId":"VTANR5L15V3440","version":2,"titre":"l'ensemble de la proposition de loi renforçant la protection des mineurs victimes de violences sexuelles (première lecture).","synthese":"**L'Assemblée nationale** a **adopté** une proposition de loi visant à **renforcer la protection des mineurs victimes de violences sexuelles**. Ce texte, examiné en **première lecture**, a reçu l'appui de la majorité des groupes politiques, notamment **LAREM, LR, DEM, SOC et NI**. Aucun groupe n’a voté contre, et deux députés se sont abstenus. Le vote reflète un consensus large sur l’importance de **protéger les mineurs** dans ce domaine sensible. Le sujet traite de mesures législatives pour mieux **sécuriser et accompagner** ces victimes.","perFamille":{"DEM":"a voté pour","LAREM":"a voté pour","LR":"a voté pour","NI":"a voté pour","SOC":"a voté pour"},"source":"ollama/qwen3:14b"},"objMoyens":null,"recoExperts":null,"eli":null,"promulgation":null,"commissionAmdt":{"nTotal":125,"nAdopte":19,"commissions":["Lois"],"leg":15},"rapportsDossier":[{"u":"RAPPANR5L15B3878","commission":"Commission des lois constitutionnelles, de la législation et de l'administration générale de la République","date":"2021-02-10","num":"3878","leg":15,"type":"permanent","rapporteurs":[{"id":"PA774960","label":"Isabelle Santiago"}]}],"censures":null,"voteRef":{"id":"VTANR5L15V3440","titre":"l'ensemble de la proposition de loi renforçant la protection des mineurs victimes de violences sexuelles (première 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