{"texte":{"uid":"PIONANR5L15B4013","legislature":15,"titre":"proportionnelle intégrale au scrutin législatif","titreLong":"proposition de loi visant à instaurer la proportionnelle intégrale au scrutin législatif","dateDepot":"2021-03-23","dossierRef":"DLR5L15N42027","auteurs":[{"id":"PA2150","label":"Jean-Luc Mélenchon","qualite":"auteur"}],"cosignataires":[{"id":"PA721210","label":"Alexis Corbière"},{"id":"PA588884","label":"Clémentine Autain"},{"id":"PA720430","label":"Ugo Bernalicis"},{"id":"PA721202","label":"Éric Coquerel"},{"id":"PA720286","label":"Caroline Fiat"},{"id":"PA720846","label":"Bastien Lachaud"},{"id":"PA718868","label":"Michel Larive"},{"id":"PA721960","label":"Danièle Obono"},{"id":"PA720892","label":"Mathilde Panot"},{"id":"PA719578","label":"Loïc Prud'homme"},{"id":"PA720422","label":"Adrien Quatennens"},{"id":"PA721062","label":"Jean-Hugues Ratenon"},{"id":"PA719676","label":"Muriel Ressiguier"},{"id":"PA721226","label":"Sabine Rubin"},{"id":"PA722142","label":"François Ruffin"},{"id":"PA718860","label":"Bénédicte Taurine"}],"cosignatairesCount":16,"type":"Proposition de loi","anUrl":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/15/propositions/pion4013.asp","dispositions":{"exposeMotifs":"MESDAMES, MESSIEURS, La présente proposition de loi a pour objectif de rétablir le scrutin de liste proportionnel pour les prochaines élections législatives. Elle le fait en rétablissant des règles qui ont déjà été appliquées pendant la Vème République. La proportionnelle figurait en effet parmi les engagements de François Mitterrand. La loi du 10 juillet 1985 avait ainsi changé dans ce sens le mode de scrutin. Elle instaurait un scrutin à la proportionnelle sur la base de listes départemental es. Ce mode de scrutin a fait ses preuves lors des élections législatives de 1986. Une Assemblée nationale avec une majorité stable était sortie de ces élections. Nous reprenons donc les dispositions de la loi de 1985. Le rétablissement dès 1988 du scrutin uninominal à deux tours a depuis privé les Français d’une représentation parlementaire conforme à la diversité de leurs opinions politiques. En 2017, l’alliance entre la République en marche et le Mouvement démocrate avait rassemblé 30 % des voix au premier tour. Ils occupaient pourtant plus de 60 % des sièges de l’Assemblée nationale à l’issue du second. A contrario, la Fran ce insoumise avait rassemblé 11 % de voix mais dispose dans cette législature de moins de 3 % des sièges. Lors de sa dernière campagne présidentielle, le Président de la République avait fait de la proportionnelle une pro messe électorale. Aujourd’hui, il se défile. Au parlement de se saisi r du sujet et de rétablir la proportionnelle dans les plus brefs délais. ","articles":[{"num":"unique","extrait":"Le code électoral est ainsi modifié : 1° L’article L. 123 est ainsi rédigé : « Art. L. 123. – Les députés sont élus, dans les départements, au scrutin de liste à la représentation proportionnelle à la plus forte moyenne, sans panachage ni vote préférentiel. Le département forme une circonscription. « Pour les députés élus par les Français établis hors de France, le vote a lieu dans une circonscription unique. » 2° L’article L. 124 est ainsi rédigé : « Art. L. 124. – Seules sont admises à la répartition des sièges les listes ayant obtenu au moins 5 % des suffrages exprimés. Les sièges sont attribués aux candidats d’après l’ordre de présentation sur c haque liste. Si plusieurs listes ont la même moyenne pour l’attribution du dernier siège, celui-ci revient à la liste qui a obtenu le plus grand nombre de suffrages. En cas d’égalité des suffrages, le siège est attribué au plus jeune des candidats susceptibles d’être proclamés élus. » 3° L’article L. 125 est ainsi rédigé : « Art. L. 125. – Les sièges des députés élus dans les départements s ont répartis conformément au tableau n°1 annexé au présent code. « Pour la Nouvelle Calédonie et les collectivités d’outre-mer régies par l’article 74 de la Constitution, les sièges des députés élus sont répartis conformément au tableau n° 1 bis annexé au présent code. « Les sièges des députés élus par les Français établis hors de France sont répartis conformément au tableau n° 1 ter annexé au présent code. « La révision de la répartition des sièges a lieu a u cours de la première session ordinaire du Parlement qui suit la publication des résultats du recensement général de la population. » 4° L’article L. 126 est abrogé ; 5° Après l’article L. 154, il est inséré un article L. 154-1 ainsi rédigé : « Art. L. 154-1. – La déclaration de candidature résulte du dépôt à la préfecture d’une liste comprenant un nombre de candidats égal au nombre de sièges à pourvoir augmenté de deux. « Elle est faite collectivement pour chaque liste par le candidat tête de liste ou par un mandataire porteur d’un mandat écrit établi par ce candidat. « La liste déposée comporte la signature de chacun des candidats. Elle indique expressément : « 1° Le titre de la liste ; « 2° Les nom, prénoms, date et lieu de naissance, domicile et profession de chacun des candidats. » 6° L’article L. 156 est ainsi rédigé : « Art. L. 156. – Nul ne peut être candidat dans plus d’une circonscription électorale ni sur plus d’une liste. « Est nul et non avenu l’enregistrement de listes portant le nom d’une ou plusieurs personnes ayant fait acte de candidature dans une autre circonscription ou figurant sur une autre liste de candidats. »","resume":"Fait élire les députés à la proportionnelle départementale sans panachage, avec un seuil de 5 % des suffrages exprimés, et ceux des Français de l'étranger en circonscription unique."}],"pdfUrl":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/textes/l15b4013_proposition-loi.pdf","pdfPages":null},"dispositionsVersion":6},"stade":{"cle":"rejete","etiquette":"Rejeté par l'Assemblée","phrase":"L'Assemblée nationale a rejeté ce texte en séance : ce n'est pas la loi.","garde":"Ce résumé décrit ce que le texte propose. 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Aucun texte n'est adopté : ce qui suit décrit le texte déposé, discuté en séance dans cette rédaction faute de texte adopté par la commission des lois.\n\nLes députés sont élus au scrutin uninominal majoritaire à deux tours, par circonscription. Le texte déposé rétablissait, comme le dit son exposé des motifs, les règles de la loi du 10 juillet 1985 appliquées aux élections de 1986 : scrutin de liste dans chaque département, à la représentation proportionnelle à la plus forte moyenne, sans panachage ni vote préférentiel, avec un seuil de 5 % des suffrages exprimés pour accéder à la répartition des sièges et une circonscription unique pour les Français établis hors de France.\n\nLe point qui décide de la portée est le cadre départemental : dans les départements qui élisent peu de députés, l'effet proportionnel est réduit, ce que les orateurs ont lu en sens opposés, les uns y voyant un effet majoritaire préservé, les autres une proportionnelle sans objet dans les petits départements. Le Gouvernement s'y est opposé en se disant favorable à une dose de proportionnelle.\n\nLe vote a partagé la majorité : La République en marche a voté contre, tandis que le groupe Mouvement démocrate et deux députés Agir ensemble ont voté pour, avec La France insoumise et deux députés de la Gauche démocrate et républicaine. Les autres groupes n'ont pas pris part au vote.","dynamique":"Rejeté le 6 mai 2021 : 31 voix pour, 55 contre, 2 abstentions. Quatre groupes ont voté pour et un a voté contre.","arguments":{"pour":[{"qui":"Alexis Corbière, rapporteur suppléant de la commission des lois (La France insoumise)","texte":"Dénonce un mode de scrutin qui, selon lui, déforme le vote : le parti arrivé en tête en 2017 « détient aujourd’hui plus de la moitié des sièges », quand son groupe, avec 11 % des voix, représente « moins de 3 % des députés » ; il y voit « une déformation de la volonté populaire ».","source":"Compte rendu de la 3e séance du 6 mai 2021 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L15S2021O1N267#2512500"},{"qui":"Stéphane Peu (Gauche démocrate et républicaine)","texte":"Annonce le vote des députés communistes : le scrutin proportionnel « permettrait une représentation plus fidèle tant de la diversité que de l’intensité des choix politiques de nos compatriotes », et le cadre départemental préserverait selon lui l’ancrage territorial des élus.","source":"Compte rendu de la 3e séance du 6 mai 2021 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L15S2021O1N267#2512055"},{"qui":"Blandine Brocard (Mouvement démocrate)","texte":"Rappelle que son groupe défend de longue date la proportionnelle pour faire de l’Assemblée « le miroir de la nation » et estime que ce mode de scrutin, s’il n’est pas « la seule solution », est « un levier considérable » contre l’abstention et la défiance.","source":"Compte rendu de la 3e séance du 6 mai 2021 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L15S2021O1N267#2512267"},{"qui":"Jean-Louis Bourlanges (Mouvement démocrate)","texte":"Soutient que le mode de scrutin de 1986 garde un effet majoritaire limité par le cadre départemental et le seuil de 5 %, et dénonce l’écart actuel entre voix et sièges : la majorité « obtient moins de 25 % des voix, mais plus de 50 % des sièges : le hiatus est énorme ! »","source":"Compte rendu de la 3e séance du 6 mai 2021 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L15S2021O1N267#2512659"},{"qui":"M’jid El Guerrab (Agir ensemble)","texte":"Se déclare favorable à titre personnel, à l’inverse de la position annoncée pour son groupe : « Le groupe Agir ensemble votera contre la proposition de loi. En revanche, j’y suis résolument favorable à titre personnel. » Il dit toutefois préférer une dose de proportionnelle régionale.","source":"Compte rendu de la 3e séance du 6 mai 2021 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L15S2021O1N267#2512534"}],"contre":[{"qui":"Marlène Schiappa, ministre déléguée chargée de la citoyenneté (La République en marche)","texte":"Oppose au texte son caractère partiel et son calendrier, la loi de 2019 ayant consacré « un usage républicain qui consiste à ne modifier ni le régime électoral, ni le périmètre des circonscriptions dans l’année qui précède un scrutin », et redoute un « émiettement du champ politique conduisant à l’instabilité ».","source":"Compte rendu de la 3e séance du 6 mai 2021 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L15S2021O1N267#2512516"},{"qui":"Thomas Rudigoz (La République en marche)","texte":"Défend un scrutin qui doit permettre « la constitution d’une majorité capable de s’entendre pour permettre à un gouvernement d’agir », et conclut : « La proportionnelle intégrale, mes chers collègues, c’est la loi de la minorité et de l’instabilité. »","source":"Compte rendu de la 3e séance du 6 mai 2021 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L15S2021O1N267#2512251"},{"qui":"Pacôme Rupin (La République en marche)","texte":"Juge la proportionnelle, intégrale ou partielle, « une mauvaise solution » à l’abstention et désigne une autre cause : « Le calendrier électoral est la première cause de l’affaiblissement du Parlement, et c’est sur celui-ci que nous devons agir. »","source":"Compte rendu de la 3e séance du 6 mai 2021 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L15S2021O1N267#2512636"}],"reserves":[]},"sources":[{"label":"Analyse du scrutin n° 3749, Assemblée nationale, 6 mai 2021","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/scrutins/3749"},{"label":"Dossier législatif : instaurer la proportionnelle intégrale au scrutin législatif (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/dossiers/proportionnelle_scrutin_legislatif"},{"label":"Proposition de loi n° 4013, déposée le 23 mars 2021","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/textes/l15b4013_proposition-loi"},{"label":"Compte rendu de la 3e séance du 6 mai 2021 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/15/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L15S2021O1N267"}],"v":2,"source":"cure-verifie"},"explain":null,"objMoyens":null,"recoExperts":null,"eli":null,"promulgation":null,"commissionAmdt":{"nTotal":6,"nAdopte":0,"commissions":["Lois"],"leg":15},"rapportsDossier":[{"u":"RAPPANR5L15B4087","commission":"Commission des lois constitutionnelles, de la législation et de l'administration générale de la 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