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Loi en vigueur.","date":"2025-05-21","organe":null},"steps":[{"date":"2024-10-07","dateLabel":"7 octobre 2024","label":"1er dépôt d'une initiative.","phase":"Sénat, 1re lecture"},{"date":"2024-10-07","dateLabel":"7 octobre 2024","label":"Renvoi en commission au fond","organe":"Commission des lois constitutionnelles","organeFull":"Commission des lois constitutionnelles, de législation, du suffrage universel, du Règlement et d'administration générale","phase":"Sénat, 1re lecture"},{"date":"2025-03-05","dateLabel":"5 mars 2025","label":"Dépôt de rapport","organe":"Commission des lois constitutionnelles","organeFull":"Commission des lois constitutionnelles, de législation, du suffrage universel, du Règlement et d'administration générale","phase":"Sénat, 1re lecture"},{"date":"2025-03-11","dateLabel":"11 mars 2025","label":"Discussion en séance publique","phase":"Sénat, 1re lecture"},{"date":"2025-03-11","dateLabel":"11 mars 2025","label":"Décision","statut":"adoptée","phase":"Sénat, 1re lecture"},{"date":"2025-03-12","dateLabel":"12 mars 2025","label":"Dépôt d'une initiative en navette","phase":"Assemblée nationale, 1re lecture"},{"date":"2025-03-12","dateLabel":"12 mars 2025","label":"Renvoi en commission au fond","organe":"Commission des lois","organeFull":"Commission des lois constitutionnelles, de la législation et de l'administration générale de la République","phase":"Assemblée nationale, 1re lecture"},{"date":"2025-04-02","dateLabel":"2 avril 2025","label":"Dépôt de rapport","organe":"Commission des lois","organeFull":"Commission des lois constitutionnelles, de la législation et de l'administration générale de la République","phase":"Assemblée nationale, 1re lecture"},{"date":"2025-04-07","dateLabel":"7 avril 2025","label":"Discussion en séance publique","phase":"Assemblée nationale, 1re lecture"},{"date":"2025-04-07","dateLabel":"7 avril 2025","label":"Décision","statut":"adoptée sans modification","phase":"Assemblée nationale, 1re lecture"},{"date":"2025-04-15","dateLabel":"15 avril 2025","label":"Saisine du conseil constitutionnel","organe":"Conseil constitutionnel","phase":"Conseil constitutionnel"},{"date":"2025-05-15","dateLabel":"15 mai 2025","label":"Conclusion du conseil constitutionnel","organe":"Conseil constitutionnel","statut":"Conforme","phase":"Conseil constitutionnel"},{"date":"2025-05-21","dateLabel":"21 mai 2025","label":"Promulgation d'une loi","organe":"Présidence de la République : M. Emmanuel Macron","phase":"Promulgation de la loi"}]},"procedure":"Projet ou proposition de loi organique","redepot":null,"civById":{"PA794702":"Mme"},"grpById":{"PA794702":{"id":"PO845454","code":"DEM","libelle":"Les Démocrates","couleur":"#F07E26"}},"mainAuthor":null,"enjeu":{"resume":"Jusqu'à ce texte, les communes de moins de 1000 habitants élisaient leur conseil municipal au scrutin majoritaire plurinominal avec panachage (on peut voter pour des candidats de listes différentes, ou se présenter seul), sans obligation de parité, contrairement aux communes plus peuplées. Cette proposition de loi organique généralise à toutes les communes le scrutin de liste proportionnel avec listes paritaires, les listes pouvant compter jusqu'à deux candidats de moins que de sièges. Le débat a opposé les partisans de l'égalité des règles et de la parité (les femmes ne représentent qu'environ 37 % des élus dans les petites communes) aux opposants qui redoutent une réforme déconnectée des réalités rurales : difficulté à constituer des listes complètes et paritaires dans les villages, habitude du panachage, calendrier serré avant 2026. Le texte a été adopté de justesse (204 pour, 180 contre, 24 abstentions) : le bloc central et toute la gauche pour ; le Rassemblement national, la Droite Républicaine, l'UDR et une majorité de LIOT contre ; Horizons s'abstenant. Validé par le Conseil constitutionnel, il a été promulgué le 21 mai 2025, pour une application dès les municipales de mars 2026.","dynamique":"Adopté le 7 avril 2025 : 204 voix pour, 180 contre, 24 abstentions. Six groupes ont voté pour, quatre ont voté contre et un s’est abstenu.","arguments":{"pour":[{"qui":"Delphine Lingemann (Les Démocrates)","texte":"Rapporteure, elle défend une parité qui doit désormais s'appliquer partout, y compris dans les plus petites communes ; les précédentes réformes de la parité ont suscité les mêmes craintes avant de bien fonctionner, et le calendrier reste réaliste puisque les listes se constituent traditionnellement à l'automne.","source":"https://lcp.fr/actualites/municipales-le-parlement-etend-le-scrutin-de-liste-paritaire-aux-petites-communes-a"},{"qui":"Hervé Saulignac (Socialistes)","texte":"Il pointe qu'à défaut d'obligation de parité, les femmes ne représentent qu'environ 37 % des élus dans les petites communes, contre une quasi-parité ailleurs ; il faut mettre fin à cette inégalité de traitement et favoriser des listes structurées plutôt que des candidatures isolées.","source":"https://lcp.fr/actualites/municipales-le-parlement-etend-le-scrutin-de-liste-paritaire-aux-petites-communes-a"},{"qui":"Guillaume Gouffier Valente (Ensemble pour la République)","texte":"Il défend que les mêmes règles électorales doivent s'appliquer sur l'ensemble du territoire, quelle que soit la taille de la commune, au nom de l'égalité républicaine entre tous les citoyens et toutes les candidates.","source":"https://lcp.fr/actualites/municipales-le-parlement-etend-le-scrutin-de-liste-paritaire-aux-petites-communes-a"}],"contre":[{"qui":"Michel Guiniot (Rassemblement national)","texte":"Il fait valoir que l'habitude du panachage est si ancrée dans les petites communes que de nombreux bulletins risquent d'être déclarés nuls, que le calendrier est trop serré avant 2026, et que cette réforme n'est pas demandée par les maires des petites communes eux-mêmes.","source":"https://www.maire-info.com/parit%C3%A9/listes-paritaires-dans-les-communes-de-moins-de-1000-habitants-la-proposition-de-loi-definitivement-adoptee-dans-la-douleur-article-29586"},{"qui":"Jean-Pierre Vigier (Droite Républicaine)","texte":"Il souligne que dans de nombreuses petites communes la constitution des futures équipes a déjà commencé sur la base des règles actuelles, et qu'il faut du temps pour convaincre des habitants de s'engager et bâtir une liste complète, ce que la réforme rend plus difficile en changeant les règles à un an du scrutin.","source":"https://www.maire-info.com/parit%C3%A9/listes-paritaires-dans-les-communes-de-moins-de-1000-habitants-la-proposition-de-loi-definitivement-adoptee-dans-la-douleur-article-29586"}],"reserves":[]},"sources":[{"label":"Dossier législatif de la proposition de loi organique (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/dossiers/DLR5L17N50579"},{"label":"Le Parlement étend le scrutin de liste paritaire aux petites communes (LCP)","url":"https://lcp.fr/actualites/municipales-le-parlement-etend-le-scrutin-de-liste-paritaire-aux-petites-communes-a"},{"label":"Loi organique du 21 mai 2025 sur le scrutin municipal et la parité (vie-publique.fr)","url":"https://www.vie-publique.fr/loi/297678-scrutin-liste-elections-municipales-parite-loi-organique-21-mai-2025"}],"v":2,"source":"cure-verifie"},"explain":{"scrutinId":"VTANR5L17V1304","version":2,"titre":"l'ensemble de la proposition de loi organique visant à harmoniser le mode de scrutin aux élections municipales afin de garantir la vitalité démocratique, la cohésion municipale et la parité (première lecture).","synthese":"**Synthèse pédagogique :**  \nLe texte voté concerne une **proposition de loi organique** visant à **harmoniser le mode de scrutin** aux **élections municipales** pour renforcer la **cohésion municipale** et la **parité**. Le scrutin a eu lieu le **7 avril 2025** et a été **adopté** avec **204 voix pour**, **180 contre** et **24 abstentions**. Les **groupes EPR, LFI-NFP, SOC, ECOS, DEM, GDR et NI** se sont prononcés **pour**, tandis que **RN, DR, LIOT et UDR** ont voté **contre**. Les **groupes HOR** se sont **abstenus**, et **LIOT et NI** étaient **divisés**. Le vote reflète des **différences de position** entre plusieurs formations politiques sur la **réforme du scrutin municipal**.","perFamille":{"DEM":"a voté pour","ECOS":"a voté pour","EPR":"a voté pour","GDR":"a voté pour","LFI-NFP":"a voté pour","NI":"a voté pour (groupe divisé)","SOC":"a voté pour","DR":"a voté contre","LIOT":"a voté contre (groupe divisé)","RN":"a voté contre","UDR":"a voté contre","HOR":"s'est abstenu·e"},"source":"ollama/qwen3:14b"},"objMoyens":{"texte":"Scrutin de liste dans toutes les communes (volet organique)","titreOfficiel":"Loi organique n° 2025-443 du 21 mai 2025 visant à harmoniser le mode de scrutin aux élections municipales afin de garantir la vitalité démocratique, la cohésion municipale et la parité","contexte":"Volet organique accompagnant la loi qui étend le scrutin de liste paritaire aux communes de moins de 1 000 habitants (loi n° 2025-444 du même jour). Proposition de loi organique de sénateurs de plusieurs groupes (Nadine Bellurot, Éric Kerrouche, Sonia de La Provôté, Didier Rambaud). Jugée conforme par le Conseil constitutionnel (décision n° 2025-882 DC du 15 mai 2025), promulguée le 21 mai 2025, applicable aux élections municipales de mars 2026.","objectif":"Selon ses auteurs, il s'agit de « favoriser la parité dans les conseils municipaux et intercommunaux » et de « renforcer la cohésion des équipes municipales » ; ce volet organique tire, « par cohérence », les conséquences de l'extension du scrutin de liste opérée par la loi ordinaire jumelle, certaines règles touchant aux candidats citoyens de l'Union européenne relevant de la loi organique.","moyens":[{"label":"Aligner les règles applicables aux candidats européens","detail":"L'obligation de mentionner sur les bulletins la nationalité des candidats ressortissants d'un autre État membre de l'Union européenne est étendue à toutes les communes, et le régime spécifique qui s'appliquait dans les communes de moins de 1 000 habitants est abrogé.","statut":"adopte"},{"label":"Actualiser la règle de cumul des mandats","detail":"La limitation du cumul (article L.O. 141 du code électoral) est mise à jour : le mandat de conseiller municipal pris en compte est désormais défini par référence au seuil des communes de 1 000 habitants et plus.","statut":"adopte"},{"label":"Entrée en vigueur aux municipales de 2026","detail":"Les nouvelles règles s'appliquent à compter du premier renouvellement général des conseils municipaux suivant la promulgation, soit les élections de mars 2026.","statut":"adopte"}]},"recoExperts":null,"eli":{"numeroLoi":"2025-443","eli":"https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/eli/loi/2025/5/21/INTX2506683L/jo/texte"},"promulgation":{"date":"2025-05-21","titre":"visant à harmoniser le mode de scrutin aux élections municipales afin de garantir la vitalité démocratique, la cohésion municipale et la parité","numJO":"119","dateJO":"2025-05-22","url":"https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/WAspad/UnTexteDeJorf?numjo=INTX2506683L"},"commissionAmdt":{"nTotal":14,"nAdopte":0,"commissions":["Lois"],"leg":17},"rapportsDossier":[{"u":"RAPPANR5L17B1246","commission":"Commission des lois constitutionnelles, de la législation et de l'administration générale de la République","date":"2025-04-02","num":"1246","leg":17,"type":"permanent","rapporteurs":[{"id":"PA794702","label":"Delphine Lingemann"}]}],"censures":null,"voteRef":{"id":"VTANR5L17V1304","titre":"l'ensemble de la proposition de loi organique visant à harmoniser le mode de scrutin aux élections municipales afin de garantir la vitalité démocratique, la cohésion municipale et la parité (première lecture).","date":"2025-04-07","sortCode":"adopté","pour":204,"contre":180,"abstention":24},"voteAggregat":{"PO845401":{"pour":0,"contre":114,"abstention":0,"nonVotant":0,"absent":9,"positionMajoritaire":"contre","nombreMembres":123},"PO845407":{"pour":57,"contre":2,"abstention":1,"nonVotant":0,"absent":34,"positionMajoritaire":"pour","nombreMembres":94},"PO845413":{"pour":57,"contre":0,"abstention":0,"nonVotant":0,"absent":14,"positionMajoritaire":"pour","nombreMembres":71},"PO845419":{"pour":35,"contre":0,"abstention":0,"nonVotant":0,"absent":31,"positionMajoritaire":"pour","nombreMembres":66},"PO845425":{"pour":2,"contre":41,"abstention":0,"nonVotant":0,"absent":5,"positionMajoritaire":"contre","nombreMembres":48},"PO845439":{"pour":18,"contre":0,"abstention":0,"nonVotant":0,"absent":20,"positionMajoritaire":"pour","nombreMembres":38},"PO845454":{"pour":20,"contre":2,"abstention":1,"nonVotant":0,"absent":13,"positionMajoritaire":"pour","nombreMembres":36},"PO845470":{"pour":1,"contre":0,"abstention":18,"nonVotant":0,"absent":14,"positionMajoritaire":"abstention","nombreMembres":33},"PO845485":{"pour":4,"contre":8,"abstention":3,"nonVotant":0,"absent":8,"positionMajoritaire":"contre","nombreMembres":23},"PO845514":{"pour":6,"contre":0,"abstention":1,"nonVotant":0,"absent":10,"positionMajoritaire":"pour","nombreMembres":17},"PO847173":{"pour":0,"contre":9,"abstention":0,"nonVotant":0,"absent":7,"positionMajoritaire":"contre","nombreMembres":16},"PO840056":{"pour":4,"contre":4,"abstention":0,"nonVotant":0,"absent":3,"positionMajoritaire":"pour","nombreMembres":11}},"voteGroupes":[{"id":"PO845413","code":"LFI","libelle":"La France insoumise - Nouveau Front Populaire","libelleAbrev":"LFI-NFP","couleur":"#C00D0D","dateDebut":"2024-07-18","dateFin":null,"family":"fi","nombreMembres":73,"legislature":17},{"id":"PO845514","code":"GDR","libelle":"Gauche Démocrate et Républicaine","libelleAbrev":"GDR","couleur":"#830E21","dateDebut":"2024-07-18","dateFin":null,"family":"com","nombreMembres":18,"legislature":17},{"id":"PO845439","code":"EcoS","libelle":"Écologiste et Social","libelleAbrev":"ECOS","couleur":"#77AA79","dateDebut":"2024-07-18","dateFin":null,"family":"ecolo","nombreMembres":38,"legislature":17},{"id":"PO845419","code":"SOC","libelle":"Socialistes et apparentés","libelleAbrev":"SOC","couleur":"#F5B4CE","dateDebut":"2024-07-18","dateFin":null,"family":"soc","nombreMembres":69,"legislature":17},{"id":"PO845485","code":"LIOT","libelle":"Libertés, Indépendants, Outre-mer et Territoires","libelleAbrev":"LIOT","couleur":"#FFD96F","dateDebut":"2024-07-18","dateFin":null,"family":"liot","nombreMembres":27,"legislature":17},{"id":"PO845454","code":"DEM","libelle":"Les Démocrates","libelleAbrev":"DEM","couleur":"#F07E26","dateDebut":"2024-07-18","dateFin":null,"family":"modem","nombreMembres":41,"legislature":17},{"id":"PO845407","code":"EPR","libelle":"Ensemble pour la République","libelleAbrev":"EPR","couleur":"#7B4591","dateDebut":"2024-07-18","dateFin":null,"family":"renaissance","nombreMembres":116,"legislature":17},{"id":"PO845470","code":"HOR","libelle":"Horizons & Indépendants","libelleAbrev":"HOR","couleur":"#B5E2F9","dateDebut":"2024-07-18","dateFin":null,"family":"horizons","nombreMembres":42,"legislature":17},{"id":"PO845425","code":"DR","libelle":"Droite Républicaine","libelleAbrev":"DR","couleur":"#8CB0DC","dateDebut":"2024-07-18","dateFin":null,"family":"lr","nombreMembres":59,"legislature":17},{"id":"PO845520","code":"AD","libelle":"À Droite","libelleAbrev":"AD","couleur":"#3367A7","dateDebut":"2024-07-18","dateFin":"2024-09-11","family":"uddplr","nombreMembres":7,"legislature":17},{"id":"PO872880","code":"UDDPLR","libelle":"Union des droites pour la République","libelleAbrev":"UDDPLR","couleur":"#3367A7","dateDebut":"2025-09-05","dateFin":null,"family":"uddplr","nombreMembres":7,"legislature":17},{"id":"PO847173","code":"UDR","libelle":"UDR","libelleAbrev":"UDR","couleur":"#3367A7","dateDebut":"2024-09-12","dateFin":"2025-09-04","family":"uddplr","nombreMembres":4,"legislature":17},{"id":"PO845401","code":"RN","libelle":"Rassemblement National","libelleAbrev":"RN","couleur":"#313567","dateDebut":"2024-07-18","dateFin":null,"family":"rn","nombreMembres":133,"legislature":17},{"id":"PO840056","code":"NI","libelle":"Non inscrit","libelleAbrev":"NI","couleur":"#8D949A","dateDebut":"2024-07-01","dateFin":null,"family":"ni","nombreMembres":20,"legislature":17}]}