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MESSIEURS, La capacité de la Nation à produire, transformer et approvisionner durablement sa population en denrées agricoles et alimentaires n’est plus, dans la France du XXIᵉ siècle, une évidence. Notre pays connaît une érosion rapide du nombre d’exploitations. Le recensement agricole de 2020 dénombrait environ 390 000 exploitations en France métropolitaine, et la trajectoire actuelle pourrait conduire à franchir le seuil des 350 000 exploitations à l’horizon 2030. En 1970, la France en comptait plus d’1,5 million : une baisse de près de 80 % en un demi-siècle, en accélération sur la période 2010-2020 avec la disparition d’un cinquième des exploitations. La surface agricole utilisée est également en net recul (-11 % depuis 1970), signe d’une baisse durable de la production agricole. Dans le même temps, l’emploi agricole continue de se contracter. Selon l’INSEE, En 1970 la France comptait 2,4 millions d’emplois dans l’agriculture, soit 11,4 % de l’emploi total. En 2020, il concerne environ 776 000 personnes, en majorité permanentes. Rapportée à l’emploi total, la part de l’agriculture tombe autour de 2,7 %. Par ailleurs, les agriculteurs peinent à recruter pour leurs travaux saisonniers, et sont un tiers de la profession à vivre sous le seuil de pauvreté, signe d’une crise économique profonde des métiers de la terre. Enfin, la crise est aussi démographique. L’âge moyen des exploitants est d’environ 51,4 ans, et plus d’une exploitation sur deux est dirigée par au moi","articles":[{"num":"unique","extrait":"Après le dix-septième alinéa de l’article 34 de la Constitution, il est inséré un alinéa ainsi rédigé : « La loi détermine les conditions dans lesquelles s’exerce la souveraineté alimentaire et agricole de la France. »"}],"pdfUrl":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/textes/l17b2421_proposition-loi.pdf","pdfPages":null},"dispositionsVersion":6},"stade":{"cle":"depose","etiquette":"Déposé, non adopté à ce jour","phrase":"Ce texte a été déposé le 3 février 2026. Il n'a pas été adopté à ce jour : ce n'est pas la loi.","garde":"Ce résumé décrit ce que le texte propose. 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Il ne précise pas les mesures concrètes à adopter, mais établit un cadre juridique pour que les lois futures encadrent cette souveraineté. L'exposé des motifs souligne les enjeux liés à la diminution du nombre d'exploitations agricoles, de la surface agricole utilisée et de l'emploi agricole, ainsi que les difficultés économiques et démographiques du secteur. 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