{"texte":{"uid":"PIONANR5L17B2678","legislature":17,"titre":"Réduire les risques sanitaires liés aux contaminations au cadmium dans l’alimentation","titreLong":"proposition de loi visant à réduire les risques sanitaires liés aux contaminations au cadmium dans l’alimentation","dateDepot":"2026-04-14","dossierRef":"DLR5L17N54148","auteurs":[{"id":"PA840997","label":"Benoît Biteau","qualite":"auteur"}],"cosignataires":[{"id":"PA588884","label":"Clémentine Autain"},{"id":"PA793664","label":"Marie Pochon"},{"id":"PA795076","label":"Sandrine Rousseau"},{"id":"PA722142","label":"François Ruffin"},{"id":"PA610968","label":"Pouria Amirshahi"},{"id":"PA793780","label":"Christine Arrighi"},{"id":"PA841701","label":"Léa Balage El Mariky"},{"id":"PA335999","label":"Delphine Batho"},{"id":"PA795362","label":"Lisa Belluco"},{"id":"PA841885","label":"Arnaud Bonnet"},{"id":"PA841507","label":"Nicolas Bonnet"},{"id":"PA794008","label":"Cyrielle Chatelain"},{"id":"PA721210","label":"Alexis 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C’est en ces termes que de nombreux médecins ont lancé l’alerte, en juin 2025, pour qualifier la contamination massive de notre alimentation de base par le cadmium. Le monde scientifique a tiré la sonnette d’alarme sur le risque grave que fait peser le cadmium sur la santé de la population alors que nous assistons à une explosion des cancers en France ces dernières années. Nous sommes la population la plus contaminée au cadmium de toute l’Union Européenne. Le cadmium est un métal lourd que l’on retrouve dans les fertilisants organo-minéraux phosphatés. Il s’accumule dans les sols, migre dans les plantes, avant d’imprégner directement notre alimentation de base : le pain, les céréales du petit-déjeuner, les pâtes, les pommes de terre… Pourtant, le Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (CIRC) a classé le cadmium comme cancérogène certain depuis 1993. L’Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du travail (ANSES), la Haute autorité de santé, l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS), Santé Publique France, l’association Santé environnement France alertent sur la dangerosité et la toxicité du cadmium ainsi que sur le risque de fléau majeur pour la santé humaine depuis des années. À l’instar de l’amiante, allons-nous attendre 50 ans, entre le moment où elle est réellement avérée dangereuse et son interdiction, pour interdire l’épandage de cadmium sur les sols agricoles produisan","articles":[{"num":"unique","extrait":"Après l’article L. 255-2 du code rural et de la pêche maritime, il est inséré un article L. 255-2-1 ainsi rédigé : « Art. L. 255-2-1. – I. – L’importation, la détention en vue de la mise sur le marché, la vente, la distribution à titre gratuit, et l’utilisation d’engrais inorganiques ou organo-minéraux phosphatés au sens de l’annexe I du règlement (UE) 2019/1009 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 5 juin 2019 établissant les règles relatives à la mise à disposition sur le marché des fertilisants UE, modifiant les règlements (CE) n° 1069/2009 et (CE) n° 1107/2009 et abrogeant le règlement (CE) n° 2003/2003 sont interdites dès lors que les valeurs limites de teneur en cadmium définies au II sont dépassées. « II. – Les valeurs limites de teneur en cadmium des engrais inorganiques ou organo-minéraux phosphatés mentionnées au I sont ainsi définies : « 1° À compter du 1 er janvier 2027, 40 milligrammes par kilogramme d’anhydride phosphorique (P2O5) ; « 2° À compter du 1 er janvier 2030, 20 milligrammes par kilogramme d’anhydride phosphorique (P2O5). « Les conditions d’application du présent article sont définies par voie réglementaire. »","resume":"Interdit les engrais inorganiques ou organo-minéraux phosphatés dépassant 40 milligrammes de cadmium par kilogramme d'anhydride phosphorique dès 2027, puis 20 milligrammes dès 2030."}],"pdfUrl":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/textes/l17b2678_proposition-loi.pdf","pdfPages":null},"dispositionsVersion":6},"stade":{"cle":"depose","etiquette":"Déposé, non adopté à ce jour","phrase":"Ce texte a été déposé le 14 avril 2026. Il n'a pas été adopté à ce jour : ce n'est pas la loi.","garde":"Ce résumé décrit ce que le texte propose. Ce n'est pas le droit en vigueur."},"linkedScrutins":[{"id":"VTANR5L17V7303","titre":"l'ensemble de la proposition de loi visant à protéger l'alimentation des Français et des Françaises des contaminations au cadmium (première lecture).","date":"2026-06-03","sortCode":"adopté","pour":144,"contre":22,"abstention":4},{"id":"VTANR5L17V7295","titre":"le sous-amendement n° 26 de M. Casterman et le sous-amendement identique suivant à l'amendement n° 16 (rect.) de M. Benoît à l'article unique de la proposition de loi visant à protéger l'alimentation des Français et des Françaises des contaminations au cadmium (première lecture).","date":"2026-06-03","sortCode":"rejeté","pour":48,"contre":132,"abstention":3},{"id":"VTANR5L17V7296","titre":"l'amendement n° 14 (rect.) de M. 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Cet article interdit l'importation, la détention en vue de la vente, la vente, la distribution gratuite et l'utilisation d'engrais phosphatés dont la teneur en cadmium dépasse 40 mg par kilogramme de P₂O₅ à compter du 1er janvier 2027, puis 20 mg/kg à compter du 1er janvier 2030. Avant ce texte, le règlement européen 2019/1009 fixe un plafond de 60 mg/kg pour les engrais portant le marquage CE (facultatif) depuis juillet 2022, tandis que la norme française NF U 42-001-1, applicable aux engrais commercialisés hors de ce cadre, retient 90 mg/kg. Le texte a été transmis au Sénat le 4 juin 2026 (PPL n° 704) : aucune commission de rattachement ni date d'examen n'y figure à ce jour.","dynamique":"Adopté le 3 juin 2026 : 144 voix pour, 22 contre, 4 abstentions. Huit groupes ont voté pour, deux ont voté contre et un s’est partagé à égalité.","arguments":{"pour":[{"qui":"Benoît Biteau, rapporteur (Écologiste et Social)","texte":"Il soutient que des solutions existent, gisements pauvres en cadmium ou décadmiation, et que la décadmiation retenue par l'Office chérifien des phosphates entraînerait un surcoût de 2 euros par hectare et par an pour l'agriculteur ; il en conclut que l'argument d'une mise sous tension de l'approvisionnement en engrais phosphatés et celui de la compétitivité de l'agriculture française ne tiennent pas.","source":"Compte rendu de la 1re séance du 3 juin 2026 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L17S2026O1N261#4115704"},{"qui":"Clémentine Autain, co-auteure (L'Après)","texte":"Elle présente le texte comme un bon compromis, avec un seuil de 40 milligrammes par kilogramme d'engrais phosphaté en 2027 puis de 20 milligrammes dès 2030, et conclut : « si cette victoire est politique, c’est d’abord une victoire de la société ».","source":"Compte rendu de la 2e séance du 3 juin 2026 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L17S2026O1N262#4116220"},{"qui":"Benoît Biteau, rapporteur (Écologiste et Social)","texte":"Il rapporte que, selon l'étude Esteban de Santé publique France et le rapport de l'Anses publié le 25 mars, la concentration moyenne de cadmium dans l'organisme des Français double environ tous les dix ans, et que 47 % des adultes résidant en France présentent une contamination supérieure à la valeur recommandée.","source":"Compte rendu de la 1re séance du 3 juin 2026 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L17S2026O1N261#4115694"},{"qui":"Gabrielle Cathala (La France insoumise)","texte":"Elle reproche à l'amendement de suppression défendu en séance de s'inscrire dans la même logique que la loi Duplomb et la loi d'urgence agricole, et rappelle que l'Anses alerte depuis 2011, que le cadmium est classé cancérogène depuis 2012 et que plus de 18 000 publications scientifiques établissent un lien entre ce produit et les cancers, les maladies rénales, les maladies cardiovasculaires ou l'infertilité.","source":"Compte rendu de la 2e séance du 3 juin 2026 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L17S2026O1N262#4116079"}],"contre":[{"qui":"Collectif des producteurs de grandes cultures (AGPB, AGPM, CGB, FOP, UNPT)","texte":"Dénonce une nouvelle surtransposition française : les députés ont retenu des seuils purement français de 40 mg/kg dès 2027 puis de 20 mg/kg à partir de 2030, quand la réglementation européenne fixe 60 mg de cadmium par kilogramme de pentoxyde de phosphore. Pour le collectif, ce vote n'est ni une victoire de la science, ni une victoire de la santé publique, mais une victoire politique des tenants de la décroissance agricole. Il cite, pour la pomme de terre, plus de 2 600 analyses réalisées entre 2009 et 2024, montrant une teneur moyenne de 0,026 mg/kg dans les tubercules, près de quatre fois inférieure à la limite réglementaire européenne.","source":"Communiqué du collectif des producteurs de grandes cultures, 4 juin 2026 (publié par l'UNPT)","url":"https://unpt.fr/2026/06/04/cadmium-lassemblee-nationale-vote-une-nouvelle-surtransposition-et-tourne-definitivement-le-dos-a-la-souverainete-alimentaire/"},{"qui":"Yohann Barbe, vice-président de la FNSEA","texte":"Estime que la santé doit être prioritaire sur toutes les mesures prises, mais qu'il vaudrait mieux viser dans un premier temps le niveau européen de 60 mg/kg, afin de ne pas créer de distorsion de concurrence avec les autres pays européens. Il rappelle que ce sont les producteurs d'engrais phosphatés, et non les agriculteurs, qui sont à l'origine de ces teneurs, et demande qu'ils les abaissent au plus vite.","source":"franceinfo, 3 juin 2026","url":"https://www.franceinfo.fr/sante/alimentation/exposition-au-cadmium-la-sante-doit-etre-prioritaire-assure-la-fnsea-avant-l-examen-d-une-proposition-de-loi-a-l-assemblee_8043182.html"},{"qui":"Mathieu Lefèvre, ministre délégué chargé de la Transition écologique (Ensemble pour la République)","texte":"Il expose le calendrier du gouvernement : 60 milligrammes par kilogramme de phosphate au 1er janvier 2027, 40 milligrammes au 1er janvier 2030, puis une diminution jusqu'à 20 milligrammes dont la date d'application, comprise entre 2032 et 2038, serait fixée par une étude dédiée en 2032 ; il juge qu'une trajectoire prématurée alourdirait les coûts des filières agricoles et fragiliserait la souveraineté alimentaire.","source":"Compte rendu de la 1re séance du 3 juin 2026 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L17S2026O1N261#4116871"}],"reserves":[{"qui":"ANSES (Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail)","texte":"Dans son expertise collective publiée le 25 mars 2026, l'agence indique que 47 % des adultes et environ un enfant sur cinq dépassent les seuils critiques d'imprégnation, les principales sources alimentaires étant le pain, les pâtes, les céréales du petit-déjeuner, les biscuits, le riz et les pommes de terre, la contamination des sols provenant notamment d'engrais phosphatés minéraux importés. L'ANSES réclame depuis 2019 (avis n° 2015-SA-0140 du 17 juin 2019) un abaissement du seuil à 20 mg de cadmium par kilogramme de pentoxyde de phosphore.","source":"Maire-info, 25 mars 2026, rendant compte de l'expertise collective de l'ANSES","url":"https://www.maire-info.com/un-rapport-alarmant-de-l'anses-pointe-une-surexposition-au-cadmium-en-france-via-l'alimentation-article2-30623"}]},"sources":[{"label":"Dossier législatif de la PPL (T.A. n° 300), Assemblée nationale","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/dossiers/reduire_risques_sanitaires_lies_aux_contaminations_au_cadmium_dans_alimentation"},{"label":"Scrutin public n° 7303 du 3 juin 2026, Assemblée nationale","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/scrutins/detail/(legislature)/17/(num)/7303"},{"label":"Réaction du collectif des producteurs de grandes cultures, La France agricole (art. 899534)","url":"https://www.lafranceagricole.fr/politique/article/899534"},{"label":"Réglement (UE) 2019/1009 fixant le plafond cadmium des engrais CE (EUR-Lex)","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1009/oj"},{"label":"Rapport ANSES du 25 mars 2026 sur l'exposition au cadmium (Maire-info)","url":"https://www.maire-info.com"},{"label":"Compte rendu de l'examen en séance et amendement gouvernemental (LCP)","url":"https://lcp.fr"},{"label":"Réactions et analyse du vote (Vert.eco)","url":"https://vert.eco"}],"v":2,"source":"cure-verifie"},"explain":{"scrutinId":"VTANR5L17V7303","version":2,"titre":"l'ensemble de la proposition de loi visant à protéger l'alimentation des Français et des Françaises des contaminations au cadmium (première lecture).","synthese":"**Cadmium** dans l’alimentation : le texte visait à **protéger** la santé des Français et des Françaises en réduisant les risques liés à cette contamination. Le scrutin a eu lieu en **première lecture** et a été **adopté** par l’Assemblée nationale. **144 députés** ont voté pour, **22 contre**, et **4 se sont abstenus**. Les groupes **EPR, LFI-NFP, SOC, ECOS, DEM et HOR** se sont alignés sur le même avis, tandis que le **RN** s’est opposé. Le vote reflète un clivage entre ceux qui veulent renforcer la sécurité alimentaire et ceux qui s’y sont opposés.","perFamille":{"DEM":"a voté pour","ECOS":"a voté pour","EPR":"a voté pour","HOR":"a voté pour","LFI-NFP":"a voté pour","SOC":"a voté pour","RN":"a voté contre"},"source":"ollama/qwen3:14b"},"objMoyens":{"texte":"Cadmium dans l'alimentation","titreOfficiel":"proposition de loi visant à protéger l'alimentation des Français et des Françaises des contaminations au cadmium","contexte":"Proposition de loi de Benoît Biteau, déposée le 14 avril 2026 sous le titre « proposition de loi visant à réduire les risques sanitaires liés aux contaminations au cadmium dans l'alimentation ». L'Assemblée nationale l'a adoptée en première lecture le 3 juin 2026.","objectif":"Selon son auteur, réduire la contamination de l'alimentation de base par le cadmium. L'exposé des motifs rappelle que le Centre international de recherche sur le cancer classe le cadmium comme cancérogène certain depuis 1993, décrit un métal lourd présent dans les fertilisants organo-minéraux phosphatés qui s'accumule dans les sols puis migre dans les plantes avant d'imprégner le pain, les céréales, les pâtes ou les pommes de terre, et avance que la population française est la plus contaminée de l'Union européenne.","moyens":[{"label":"Interdire les engrais phosphatés au-delà d'un seuil de cadmium","detail":"Un nouvel article L. 255-2-1 du code rural et de la pêche maritime interdit l'importation, la détention en vue de la mise sur le marché, la vente, la distribution à titre gratuit et l'utilisation des engrais inorganiques ou organo-minéraux phosphatés au sens de l'annexe I du règlement (UE) 2019/1009, dès lors que les valeurs limites de teneur en cadmium sont dépassées."},{"label":"Fixer deux seuils successifs, en 2027 puis en 2030","detail":"La valeur limite est de 40 milligrammes de cadmium par kilogramme d'anhydride phosphorique à compter du 1er janvier 2027, puis de 20 milligrammes par kilogramme à compter du 1er janvier 2030 ; les conditions d'application sont renvoyées au pouvoir réglementaire."}]},"recoExperts":null,"eli":null,"promulgation":null,"commissionAmdt":{"nTotal":12,"nAdopte":1,"commissions":["Affaires économiques"],"leg":17},"rapportsDossier":[{"u":"RAPPANR5L17B2839","commission":"Commission des affaires économiques","date":"2026-05-27","num":"2839","leg":17,"type":"permanent","rapporteurs":[{"id":"PA840997","label":"Benoît Biteau"}]}],"censures":null,"voteRef":{"id":"VTANR5L17V7303","titre":"l'ensemble de la proposition de loi visant à protéger l'alimentation des Français et des Françaises des contaminations au cadmium (première lecture).","date":"2026-06-03","sortCode":"adopté","pour":144,"contre":22,"abstention":4},"voteAggregat":{"PO845401":{"pour":0,"contre":19,"abstention":1,"nonVotant":0,"absent":102,"positionMajoritaire":"contre","nombreMembres":122},"PO845407":{"pour":20,"contre":0,"abstention":1,"nonVotant":1,"absent":69,"positionMajoritaire":"pour","nombreMembres":91},"PO845413":{"pour":44,"contre":0,"abstention":0,"nonVotant":0,"absent":27,"positionMajoritaire":"pour","nombreMembres":71},"PO845419":{"pour":21,"contre":0,"abstention":0,"nonVotant":0,"absent":47,"positionMajoritaire":"pour","nombreMembres":68},"PO845425":{"pour":1,"contre":1,"abstention":1,"nonVotant":0,"absent":45,"positionMajoritaire":"pour","nombreMembres":48},"PO845439":{"pour":32,"contre":0,"abstention":0,"nonVotant":0,"absent":6,"positionMajoritaire":"pour","nombreMembres":38},"PO845454":{"pour":11,"contre":0,"abstention":1,"nonVotant":0,"absent":25,"positionMajoritaire":"pour","nombreMembres":37},"PO845470":{"pour":8,"contre":0,"abstention":0,"nonVotant":0,"absent":26,"positionMajoritaire":"pour","nombreMembres":34},"PO845485":{"pour":2,"contre":0,"abstention":0,"nonVotant":0,"absent":21,"positionMajoritaire":"pour","nombreMembres":23},"PO872880":{"pour":0,"contre":2,"abstention":0,"nonVotant":0,"absent":15,"positionMajoritaire":"contre","nombreMembres":17},"PO845514":{"pour":4,"contre":0,"abstention":0,"nonVotant":0,"absent":13,"positionMajoritaire":"pour","nombreMembres":17},"PO840056":{"pour":1,"contre":0,"abstention":0,"nonVotant":0,"absent":10,"positionMajoritaire":"pour","nombreMembres":11}},"voteGroupes":[{"id":"PO845413","code":"LFI","libelle":"La France insoumise - 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