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Il prévoit des consultations régulières pour établir des positions communes, en complémentarité avec l’OTAN (article 3), énumère les domaines de coopération (stratégique et opérationnel, capacitaire, mais aussi énergie, changement climatique et place des femmes dans les armées) et ses formes (officiers de liaison, exercices communs, échanges de renseignements). Il institue un Conseil franco-espagnol de défense et de sécurité réunissant les ministres des affaires étrangères et de la défense, un dialogue stratégique annuel et un comité d’armement.\n\nIl fixe aussi un statut des forces, absent de l’accord de 1983 : port de l’uniforme et des armes de dotation selon les règles du pays d’accueil, accès aux soins, procédure en cas de décès, maintien de la résidence fiscale dans le pays d’origine. Selon le rapporteur, seul le statut des forces de l’OTAN pouvait jusqu’ici être mobilisé, et le traité n’a pas d’impact financier.\n\nLe débat n’a pas porté sur le statut des militaires mais sur l’article 3, qui inscrit cette coopération dans le renforcement de l’Union européenne en matière de défense, en complémentarité avec l’OTAN : c’est la raison de l’abstention de La France insoumise et de la Gauche démocrate et républicaine.","dynamique":"Adopté le 18 février 2025 : 95 voix pour, aucune contre, 7 abstentions. Neuf groupes ont voté pour et deux se sont abstenus.","arguments":{"pour":[{"qui":"Nicolas Forissier, rapporteur de la commission des affaires étrangères (Droite Républicaine)","texte":"Voit dans le traité « avant tout un signal politique fort » et insiste sur le statut des forces qu’il crée : « c’est un ajout important puisque, jusqu’ici, seul l’accord de statut des forces à l’étranger (Sofa) de l’Otan pouvait être mobilisé ». Précise que le traité n’a aucun impact financier.","source":"Compte rendu de la 3e séance du 18 février 2025 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L17S2025O1N107#3636876"},{"qui":"Sébastien Saint-Pasteur (Socialistes)","texte":"Met en avant la protection des militaires : le traité « permettra de mieux protéger nos forces puisque nous n’avions pas jusqu’à présent, avec l’Espagne, d’accord sur le statut des forces ». Y voit aussi un appui à la base industrielle de défense européenne, sans effet direct sur les divergences du programme Scaf.","source":"Compte rendu de la 3e séance du 18 février 2025 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L17S2025O1N107#3637364"},{"qui":"Matthieu Bloch (UDR)","texte":"Présente l’Espagne comme un allié historique et le traité comme un levier d’influence : « Loin de diluer notre souveraineté, ce traité constitue un outil stratégique qui favorisera l’influence française au sein de l’Otan et bénéficiera à notre industrie de l’armement. »","source":"Compte rendu de la 3e séance du 18 février 2025 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L17S2025O1N107#3637190"}],"contre":[],"reserves":[{"qui":"Michel Guiniot (Rassemblement national)","texte":"Vote le traité au nom de l’actualisation nécessaire de l’accord de 1983, mais juge qu’« il est regrettable qu’un accord de défense entre deux pays souverains mentionne, en son article 3, la volonté de renforcer la défense à l’échelle de l’Union européenne, en complémentarité avec l’Otan ».","source":"Compte rendu de la 3e séance du 18 février 2025 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L17S2025O1N107#3637202"},{"qui":"Bastien Lachaud (La France insoumise)","texte":"Salue les coopérations opérationnelles avec l’Espagne mais s’inquiète du cadre fixé par l’article 3 : « Il cherche donc à développer l’Europe de la défense : c’est une erreur et une stratégie diplomatique néfaste. » Plaide pour une diplomatie non alignée ; son groupe s’abstient, avec 6 abstentions.","source":"Compte rendu de la 3e séance du 18 février 2025 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L17S2025O1N107#3637225"},{"qui":"Jean-Paul Lecoq (Gauche démocrate et républicaine)","texte":"Reconnaît l’apport du traité pour la coopération contre le terrorisme et la cybercriminalité, mais récuse la référence à l’Europe de la défense : « J’ai souligné les bénéfices apportés par ce texte, mais parce que d’autres aspects, comme le rapprochement avec l’Otan, ne nous conviennent pas, nous nous abstiendrons lors du vote. »","source":"Compte rendu de la 3e séance du 18 février 2025 (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/comptes-rendus/seance/CRSANR5L17S2025O1N107#3637176"}]},"sources":[{"label":"Dossier législatif : ratification du traité de coopération de défense entre la France et l’Espagne (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/dossiers/ratification_traite_cooperation_domaine_defense_france_espagne"},{"label":"Projet de loi n° 621 et son exposé des motifs (Assemblée nationale)","url":"https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dyn/17/textes/l17b0621_projet-loi"},{"label":"Texte adopté n° 55 du 18 février 2025 (Assemblée 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